The Sahara is sparsely covered with various types of vegetation ranging from grasses, shrubs, and trees in the highlands to halphytes, which are saline-tolerant plants found in saline depressions. One characteristic of the vegetation found in the Sahara is that these species must be able to adapt to unreliable precipitation and excessive heat.

In the Saharan highlands, one can find species of cypress and olive along with Acacia and Artemisia, doum palm, oleander, date palm, and thyme. The most common types of grasses found on the plains include Eragrostis, Panicum, and Aristida.

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