Maseru is the rapidly growing capital city of Lesotho. While most of its 110,000 population arrived after the 1970's, the city was first established in 1869, by Mshweshwe I, the chief of the Basotho nation. He established Maseru near his mountain stronghold of Thaba Bosiu. Today, at Thaba Bosiu lie the remains of his fortifications, his grave and other 19th century buildings.

Today, Maseru includes the buildings of the National Assembly and High Court of Lesotho, along with high schools, and the national university. It is connected by railway and air with South Africa, and there is a network of roads and airstrips that connect it with the rest of the country.

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